It is above 10% among 6 year-old, around 5% among 10 year-old, and 0.5–1% among teenagers and young adults. Each theory can be supported by various studies, but no one is reported to explain bedwetting in all children. Three major pathogenetic mechanisms have been established as essential and they are nocturnal polyuria, detrusor overactivity and associated with failure to awaken in response to bladder sensations. Children with concomitant daytime incontinence is still called NE (or nocturnal incontinence), although it belongs to the nonmonosymptomatic variety (NMNE). NE in children without any other lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms and without a history of bladder dysfunction is defined as monosymptomatic NE (MNE). NE is defined as an intermittent (i.e., not continuous) bedwetting with any frequency while sleeping in children, according to the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS). Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common condition in children that can cause low quality of life to the child and to his/her family. All primary care Pediatricians should be aware of the all aspects of NE to choose the best way to treat every patient. The choice of treatment should include psychological/behavioural interventions in all cases to improve the therapeutic outcome. A percentage of 71.4% of parents declared to use or to have used alternative therapies and not to prefer, at first, a pharmacological intervention. Pediatrician reported a total of 54.1% of parents who declared to have a negative reaction to their children because of the bedwetting. Poor quality of sleep were reported in 7064 patients 90% of children did not consider a dietary and drinking recommendation. We enrolled a total of 9307/130,000 (7.2%) children with NE, aged between 5 and 14 years: 2141 diagnosed with MNE and 7176 qualified as NMNE. ResultsĢ70/320 (84.4%) Paediatrician replied to our questionnaire. In this descriptive-analytic study the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP) promoted a prevalence study of NE using a questionnaire involved 320 primary care Pediatricians from Northern, Central and Southern Italy, from January 2019 to July 2019, with a total of 130,000 children analyzed by questionnaire related to epidemiology and type of NE, familiarity, quality of sleep, eating and drinking habits, pharmacological and psychological/behavioural interventions and family involvement. In this study we identify the prevalence and the familial conditions in a large, representative sample of children with monosymptomatic NE (MNE) and nonmonosyptomatic NE (NMNE). To describe the epidemiological aspects of nocturnal enuresis (NE).
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